What is GERD?
Its important to know the answer to this question if you think that you are suffering from the symptoms of GERD. You must also make a visit to your doctor at the first opportunity. However, to start of here’s a short report that aims to explain what is GERD…
Heartburn or acid reflux, often called gastroesophageal reflux disease

Simple graphic showing the way that acid reflux pain develops.
(GERD) occurs when stomach acids travel support into your esophagus, causing a distressing burning sensation called heartburn.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is ordinarily the result of the LES malfunctioning because of physiological reasons.
The Montreal definition includes a measure of symptom severity by stating that GERD is
“A condition which develops when the reflux of stomach contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications.”
Severe, long-standing GERD can damage the esophagus and cause a condition known as Barrett’s esophagus wherein the normal lining of the esophagus is replaced by a lining more like that of the stomach or intestine.
Anything that causes the muscular valve between the stomach and esophagus (the lower esophageal sphincter, or LES) to relax, or anything that increases the pressure below the LES, can cause GERD. The causes of GERD include an abnormal lower esophageal sphincter, hiatal hernia, abnormal esophageal contractions, and slow emptying of the stomach.

The internets #1 acid reflux guide
Symptoms of GERD were strongly associated with increased BMI, carbonated soft drink consumption (possibly due to low pH), snoring and daytime sleepiness, insomnia, hypertension, asthma, and usage of benzodiazepines ( TABLE 5 ).
It was noted that the association of hypertension with night-time heartburn likely is a reflection of factors associated with hypertension rather than hypertension itself. Patients’ quality of life and ability to function is negatively impacted by factors associated specifically with nocturnal episodes of GERD. Patients who experience GERD primarily at night may complain of sleep disturbances.
Problems in spontaneous muscle action (peristalsis) in the esophagus commonly occur in GERD, although it is not clear if such occurrences are a cause or result of long-term effects of GERD. Genetic factors may play an especially strong role in susceptibility to Barrett’s esophagus, a precancerous condition caused by very severe GERD. Persistent GERD, however, may be due to various conditions, including abnormal biologic or structural factors.
A high body mass index (BMI) may lead to a reduction in LES pressure and is a risk factor for GERD. Social habits such as smoking and alcohol use are often cited as risk factors for GERD; however, data to confirm this premise are lacking.
Several other factors and the presence of some pulmonary disorders may be specific predictors and indications of nighttime GERD episodes. At least half of people with asthma also have GERD. Some experts speculate that the coughing and sneezing accompanying asthmatic attacks cause changes in pressure in the chest that can trigger reflux. Many other drugs can cause GERD, including but not limited to the following: calcium channel blockers (used to treat high blood pressure and angina), anticholinergics (used in drugs that treat urinary tract disorders, allergies, and glaucoma), beta adrenergic agonists (used for asthma and obstructive lung diseases), dopamine (used in Parkinson’s disease), bisphosphonates (used to treat osteoporosis), sedatives, antibiotics, potassium, or iron pills. Certain asthma drugs that dilate the airways may relax the LES and contribute to GERD. On the other hand, GERD has been associated with a number of other upper respiratory problems and may be a cause of asthma, rather than a result.
The presence of at least one esophageal or non-esophageal sign and symptom should prompt consideration of GERD as the cause, and discussion with the patient may help classify GERD further. The patient’s history is the primary focus of the diagnostic workup and the physician should explore patient risk factors for GERD.
For patients with atypical symptoms of GERD, the history is especially important to determine the diagnosis. Differences in rates of acid secretion and clearance and the time since food ingestion affect symptoms, potentially leading to differing presentations of GERD associated with daytime and nocturnal episodes. In this way a hiatus hernia is associated with all the potential consequences of GERD – heartburn, esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, esophageal cancer and dental erosion.
Studies have failed to confirm evidence, however, that it is a common cause of GERD, although its presence may increase GERD symptoms in patients with both conditions. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), common causes of peptic ulcers, may also cause GERD and increase severity in people who already have GERD. In a 3-year study of 25,000 people, NSAID users were twice as likely to have GERD symptoms as non-users.
So to summarise: GERD, acid reflux and heartburn are synonymous and are all caused by the insurgence of stomach acid into the oesophagus.
GERD